In February, 2003, a novel telestroke “hub and spoke” network (REACH) was devised by a group of doctors in the Department of Neurology at MCG. The goal of REACH was to overcome geographic disparities in acute stroke care and extend state of the art stroke therapies to patients living in rural East Central Georgia by providing acute telestroke consultations to emergency departments in underserved areas.
This network has grown from the initial two rural sites at Emanuel Medical Center in Swainsboro, Georgia and McDuffie Regional Medical Center in Thomson, Georgia to comprise a total of eleven hospitals throughout the state (see Figure above). The nine original hospitals are located between 32.5 and 102.8 miles from the “hub” at MCG, with mean hospital size of 49 beds, an annual ED volume of 7,602 patients and approximately 50 (ischemic and hemorrhagic) strokes per year. Most of the hospitals are located in counties with a significant minority population. More recently, larger hospitals, Tift Regional in Tifton, Georgia and Doctor’s Hospital in Augusta, Georgia, have been added to the network.
The Technology
REACH is activated when an emergency medicine physician within the network suspects that a patient is suffering an acute ischemic stroke and may be a candidate for intravenous tPA. A call is placed to the Emergency Communications Center at MCG where an operator pages the on-call REACH consultant. Four neurologists specializing in stroke and one emergency medicine physician share 24 hours per day, 7 days per week call responsibilities. Responding to the page, the consultant is connected via telephone with the referring physician to obtain history and talk with the patient and family (see the REACH Triangle figure).

Simultaneously, the stroke consultant logs-on to the REACH system from any computer with high-speed internet capabilities. The patient can be visually assessed from a camera mounted on the REACH cart within the patient’s room in the local hospital, allowing for direct evaluation and scoring of the severity of neurologic deficits using the NIHSS2 (see the REACH cart photo, below). Vitals signs, capillary blood glucose and laboratory values are accessible to the consultant.
The CT scan images are transmitted via the REACH system and reviewed by the consultant (see the REACH screen photo, below). A decision in support of or against the administration of tPA is made based on nationally recognized guidelines.

If a recommendation is made to proceed with treatment, weight-based dosage including bolus and infusion are printed on a consult delivered to the rural hospital. Following the initiation of treatment, patients are transferred to MCG where they may be evaluated for additional reperfusion therapies and monitored for tPA-related complications. Written informed consent (as specified by the Institutional Review Board of MCG) is then obtained from the patient or legally authorized representative before any follow up with the subjects can be initiated.
Representative Publications
