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The Language of Bioethics (Glossary)

Objectives

Goals

Required Reading

Clinical Vignette

On Physicians Being Human

Professional Responsibility

Suggested Reading


References & Resources

 

 

 

 

The Human Context of the Practice of Medicine: Self-Awareness

The Physician's Own Perspective and Consideration as Person

Objectives

To explore the students' own values and their function and significance for clinical decision-making—what they believe and what difference that makes.

Goals

  1. State how the physician's perspective of the sick role ("how patients are supposed to act") and their own desired role as a physician may be borne out in a clinical encounter, or challenged.
  2. Describe what you would believe to be "acceptable" and "unacceptable" physician behavior as it relates to patient conduct, compliance with prescribed care, and family and social dynamics. What criteria do you use?
  3. How "involved" should a physician get in the life of his/her patients? What limits? Why?

Required Reading

  1. Introduction to Clinical Ethics by Fletcher, Miller, Lombardo and Marshall textbook. Second Edition.
    Introduction (p 1-15)
    Professional Ethics (p 287-300)

Clinical Vignette

Sex and the Single Physician, excerpted from Case History and Commentary by Janet Weiner, MPH, and Susan W. Tolle, MD, FACP

Leonard Sullivan, MD, age 59, has been one of three general internists in Pumpkin Hills, Wyoming, for the past 30 years. He came to Pumpkin Hills immediately after his residency, married a local woman, and raised two children who are now away at college. Dr. Sullivan's wife died of breast cancer one year ago.

Margaret Dinardo, age 60, has spent her life in Pumpkin Hills and has been a patient of Dr. Sullivan's for nearly 20 years. Her husband died two years ago, and her children are now married with families of their own.

Ms. Dinardo returns for her yearly visit with Dr. Sullivan. He finds her in continued good health, renews her Feldene prescription for mild osteoarthritis, and schedules her yearly mammogram. Dr. Sullivan reviews the results of his clinical exam, and they talk about general preventive care measures. He notices that he feels uplifted by Ms. Dinardo's presence.

"Enough about me, Leonard," Ms. Dinardo says finally. "How have you been since Diane passed on?"

"It's been difficult, although the children have been a great help," he responds. Ms. Dinardo touches his shoulders, saying, "I know exactly what you mean," and leaves.

About a week later, Ms. Dinardo calls Dr. Sullivan at home and invites him over for dinner. "I bet you don't get many home-cooked meals these days," she says. He accepts the invitation, and they spend the evening talking. Dr. Sullivan tells her about his life now and the trouble he has had coping with his wife's death. In Margaret Dinardo he finds an understanding and compassionate listener, who shares the experiences she has had since losing her spouse. "Thank you, Margaret...I feel so much better talking to you," he says.

"Any time, Leonard," she responds. "Call me and maybe we'll catch a movie."

In the next few months, Dr. Sullivan and Ms. Dinardo see each other regularly. They enjoy each other's company and consider their relationship to be an evolution of their long-standing friendship. But Dr. Sullivan begins to notice that he feels romantically inclined toward Ms. Dinardo and wonders if she feels the same way. One evening, Ms. Dinardo says, "Leonard, what is the matter with you? You've been fidgeting since you got here." He blurts out that he feels attracted to her romantically, and she replies, "Well, it's about time! I was beginning to think you were just too old for me!"

They kiss passionately, well into the evening. He reluctantly draws away from her and heads toward the door. "I really should be getting home. I have a busy day tomorrow at the office. Good night, Margaret."

"Oh, well, your duty calls. Good night, Dr. Sullivan," she replies.

He does not sleep at all, feeling strangely disquieted by the word "doctor." All day, he is troubled by Ms. Dinardo's use of "Dr. Sullivan." After a long day at the office, he decides to talk to her about it. "You know, I was always taught that a sexual relationship between a doctor and a patient is wrong," he explains. "If we're going to start something here, maybe you should consider becoming Dr. Voorhee's patient."

Ms. Dinardo reacts with surprise and anger. "Leonard Sullivan, you have been my doctor for 20 years. I trust you–that doesn't just go away because we kissed. How can you even think such a thing?" She refuses to consider seeing another internist. "Listen, we kissed yesterday, and you expect me to give you up as a doctor? You must be kidding!"

What should Dr. Sullivan do?

On Physicians Being Human

1. The patient and physician are "more simply human than otherwise." HS Sullivan (1953)

2. Two key components of the physician's humanity:

a. Emotional responsiveness

1. Not only the patient is a person, so is the physician

2. Not only does the patient react to the physician, the physician reacts to the patient

a. Positive emotions, drive, passion

b. Negative/detracting emotions

c. Preoccupation with emotions

b. The physician's need to nurture

1. Talmudic aphorism, "More than the calf wishes to suck, does the cow yearn to suckle."

2. This very human, indeed biologic (instinctive vs. learned), need to help allows the physician to respond in the clinical encounter to a patient's needs on a purely human level-this augments, and at times may exceed, the technical components of the encounter.

3. "Care givers need the virtue of humility as an antidote to the arrogance of power. They are receivers, as well as givers, in the professional relationship." Wm F. May (1985)

Professional Responsibility

1. Defining a "Profession"

a. Special knowledge

b. Special responsibilities

c. A trustworthy trustee

2. Professing to have the above, one makes an avowal of commitment and responsibility

a. Self is subordinated to the needs of the healing relationship

b. Transformation of self, character, direction of activities

3. Five Views of Medicine  

Suggested Reading
Note: These articles can be found through Ovid and will require an ID and password.

  1. Callahan, S. The role of emotions in ethical decision making. Hastings Center Report 1988. 18(3): 9-14, 1988 June-July.
  2. Zinn, WM. Doctors have feelings too. JAMA. 259(22):3296-8, 1988 Jun 10.

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Medical College of Georgia
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Medical College of Georgia

Please email comments, suggestions or questions to
Alan Roberts, aroberts@mail.mcg.edu.
August 05, 2002